A series of 1.5 μm-thick epitaxial
GaAsBi layers have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on
semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrates at temperatures ranging
from 300 to 370°C. Complex studies were carried out with a
focus to optimize the technological parameters for application
of these layers in photoconductive THz components. The
investigation of crystalline structure, layer morphology,
optical properties, and characteristics of carrier dynamics
was performed. Up to 12% of Bi incorporation has been
confirmed by optical and structural analyses of GaAsBi layers
grown at relatively low temperatures of about 300°C. The
carrier lifetimes of these layers varied from 1 to 3 ps. Thick
GaAsBi layers grown at higher than 350°C temperatures
exhibited higher crystalline quality and longer carrier
lifetimes reaching even tens of picoseconds. The Bi content in
high-temperature-grown GaAsBi varied from 3 to 7% Bi.
Keywords: molecular
beam epitaxy, GaAsBi, high resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic
force microscopy, photoluminescence, THz spectroscopy
PACS: 81.15.Hi,
61.10.Nz, 78.55.Cr, 68.37.Ps, 81.07.St
References
/
Nuorodos
[1] A. Krotkus, Semiconductors for terahertz photonics
applications, J. Phys. D
43(27), 273001 (2010),
https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/43/27/273001
[2] F.W. Smith, H.Q. Le, V. Diadiuk, M.A. Hollis, A.R. Calawa,
S. Gupta, M. Frankel, D.R. Dykaar, G.A. Mourou, and T.Y. Hsiang,
Picosecond GaAs-based photoconductive optoelectronic detectors,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
54, 890 (1989),
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.100800
[3] A. Biciunas, J. Adamonis, and A. Krotkus, Terahertz
time-domain-spectroscopy system using a 1 micron wavelength
laser and photoconductive components made from
low-temperature-grown GaAs, J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves
33(2), 183–191 (2012),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-011-9857-7
[4] K. Bertulis, A. Krotkus, G. Aleksejenko, V. Pacebutas, R.
Adomavicius, G. Molis, and S. Marcinkevicius, GaBiAs: A material
for optoelectronic terahertz devices, Appl. Phys. Lett.
88(20),
201112 (2006),
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2205180
[5] V. Pacebutas, K. Bertulis, G. Aleksejenko, and A. Krotkus,
Molecular-beam-epitaxy grown GaBiAs for terahertz optoelectronic
applications, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.
20,
363–366 (2009),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-008-9625-1
[6] D.G. Cooke, F.A. Hegmann, E.C. Young, and T. Tiedje,
Electron mobility in dilute GaAs bismide and nitride alloys
measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy, Appl. Phys.
Lett.
89(12), 122103 (2006),
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2349314
[7] B. Čechavicius, R. Adomavičius, A. Koroliov, and A. Krotkus,
Thermal annealing effect on photoexcited carrier dynamics in
GaBi
xAs
1-x, Semicond. Sci.
Technol.
26(8), 085033 (2011),
https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/26/8/085033
[8] V. Pacebutas, A. Biciunas, K. Bertulis, and A. Krotkus,
Optoelectronic terahertz radiation system based on femtosecond 1
μm laser pulses and GaBiAs detector, Electron. Lett.
44(19),
1154 (2008),
https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20081630
[9] V. Pacebutas, A. Biciunas, S. Balakauskas, A. Krotkus, G.
Andriukaitis, D. Lorenc, A. Pugzlys, and A. Baltuska, Terahertz
time-domain-spectroscopy system based on femtosecond Yb:fibre
laser and GaBiAs photoconducting components, Appl. Phys. Lett.
97(3),
031111 (2010),
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3458826
[10] R. Butkutė, V. Pačebutas, B. Čechavičius, R. Adomavičius,
A. Koroliov, and A. Krotkus, Thermal annealing effect on the
properties of GaBiAs, Phys. Status Solidi C
9, 1614
(2012),
https://doi.org/10.1002/pssc.201100700
[11] S. Tixier, M. Adamcyk, T. Tiedje, S. Francoeur, A.
Mascarenhas, P. Wei, and F. Schiettekatte, Molecular beam
epitaxy growth of GaAs
1–xBi
x,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
82, 2245 (2003),
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1565499
[12] A. Arlauskas and A. Krotkus, THz excitation spectra of
AIIIBV semiconductors, Semicond. Sci. Technol.
27,
115015 (2012),
https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/27/11/115015
[13] V. Pačebutas, K. Bertulis, L. Dapkus, G. Aleksejenko, A.
Krotkus, K.M. Yu, and W. Walukiewicz, Characterization of
low-temperature molecular-beam-epitaxy grown GaBiAs layers,
Semicond. Sci. Technol.
22, 819 (2007),
https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/22/7/026
[14] M.C. Beard, G.M. Turner, and C.A. Schmuttenmaer, Transient
photoconductivity in GaAs as measured by time-resolved terahertz
spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. B
62, 15764 (2000),
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.62.15764
[15] K.P.H. Lui and F.A. Hegmann, Ultrafast carrier relaxation
in radiation-damaged silicon on sapphire studied by
optical-pump–terahertz-probe experiments, Appl. Phys. Lett.
78,
3478 (2001),
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1375841