[PDF]    http://dx.doi.org/10.3952/lithjphys.51106

Open access article / Atviros prieigos straipsnis

Lith. J. Phys. 51, 65–74 (2011)

CHARACTERIZATION OF AEROSOL SOURCES AT URBAN AND BACKGROUND SITES IN LITHUANIA
K. Kvietkus a, J. Šakalys a I. Rimšelytė a, J. Ovadnevaitė a, V. Remeikis a, and V. Špakauskas b
a State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
E-mail: kvietkus@ktl.mii.lt
b Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania

Received 2 November 2010; revised 13 December 2010; accepted 17 March 2011

Size and composition real-time measurements of atmospheric submicron aerosol (PM1) were conducted in the Lithuanian background and urban areas during several months (April–July, 2008) using the Quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer (QAMS). The average mass concentration of non-refractory PM1 ranged within 8–13 μg m−3. Organic compounds of PM1 were the most abundant constituent ranging from 70 to 83%, nitrate made up 4.0–7.7%, ammonium 1.7–3.9%, sulfate 11–21%, and chloride less than 1%. While sulfate concentrations were comparable at the urban and background sites, concentrations of organic compounds and nitrate in Vilnius city were almost twice as high as those at the background site (Rūgšteliškis). The average aerodynamic diameter for nitrate and organics was about 300 nm at both sampling sites – in Vilnius city and at Rūgšteliškis background site. The average aerodynamic diameter for ammonium was about 355 nm and for sulfate about 400 nm. The main source of organics and nitrates in the city was emission from traffic, however the main source of sulfates at urban and background sites was long-range transport. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the unit mass-resolution (UMR) spectra was used to identify sources of organic matter in the urban (Vilnius) and background (Rūgšteliškis) aerosol. Organic aerosol components were identified from AMS spectra for both sites: primary anthropogenic emissions –  hydrocarbonlike organic aerosol (HOA), aged oxygenated low volatility organic aerosol (LV-OOA), and less oxygenated, presumably, semivolatile organic aerosol (SV-OOA) at the urban site (Vilnius city) as well as biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), aged oxygenated low volatility organic aerosol (LV-OOA), and semivolatile biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SV-OOA) at the background site (Rūgšteliškis).
Keywords: atmospheric submicron aerosol, urban and background sites, concentration, composition, size distribution, sources
PACS: 92.60.Mt, 92.60.Sz, 92.20.Bk

AEROZOLIO DALELIŲ ŠALTINIŲ APIBŪDINIMAS MIESTO IR FONINĖSE VIETOVĖSE LIETUVOJE
K. Kvietkus a, J. Šakalys a I. Rimšelytė a, J. Ovadnevaitė a, V. Remeikis a, V. Špakauskas b
a Valstybinis mokslinių tyrimų institutas Fizinių ir technologijos mokslų centras, Vilnius, Lietuva
b Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas, Vilnius, Lietuva

Submikroninės frakcijos (PM1) atmosferinio aerozolio dalelių pasiskirstymo pagal dydį ir cheminės sudėties tyrimai realiame laike Vilniaus mieste ir Rūgšteliškio foninėje vietovėje, naudojant kvadrupolinį aerozolio masės spektrometrą (AMS), atlikti 2008 m. balandį–liepą. Vidutinė PM1 aerozolio dalelių masės koncentracija kito nuo 8 iki 13 μg m−3. Organinė PM1 aerozolio dalelių komponentė buvo vyraujanti ir kito nuo 70 iki 83 %, nitratai sudarė 4,0–7,7 %, sulfatai – 11–21 %, amonis – 1,7–3,9 %, chloridai – mažiau negu 1%. Sulfatų koncentracijos buvo tos pačios eilės abiejose vietovėse, tuo tarpu organinės komponentės ir nitratų koncentracijos aerozolio dalelėse Vilniaus mieste buvo daugiau nei dvigubai didesnės. Vidutinis organinės komponentės ir nitratų aerodinaminis aerozolio dalelių skersmuo abiejose vietovėse buvo ~300 nm, amonio ~355 nm, sulfatų ~400 nm. Pagrindinis organinės komponentės ir nitratų šaltinis mieste buvo autotransportas, o sulfatų šaltinis ir mieste, ir foninėje vietovėje – tolimoji oro masių pernaša.
Organinės medžiagos, esančios aerozolio dalelėse iš miesto (Vilniaus) ir foninės vietovės (Rūgšteliškio), kilmei nustatyti panaudotas teigiamos matricų faktorizacijos metodas, pritaikytas vienetinės masės skyros spektrams. Vilniaus mieste iš AMS spektro identifikuotos trys organinio aerozolio komponentės: pirminės antropogeninės emisijos angliavandenilio dariniai (HOA), senesnės oksidacijos mažai lakus (LV-OOA) ir mažai oksiduotas pusiau lakus (SV-OOA) aerozoliai. Foninėje vietovėje (Rūgšteliškyje) aptiktas biomasės degimo procese susidaręs organinis aerozolis (BBOA), senesnės oksidacijos mažai lakus (LV-OOA) ir mažai oksiduotas pusiau lakus (SV-OOA) aerozoliai.

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